Madre Teresa de Calcuta Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Madre Teresa de Calcuta - Research Paper Example She was conceived on August 27, 1910 in the Republic of Macedonia and was named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. She was conceived in the place of an Albanian food merchant (Encyclopã ¦dia Britannica, 2010). Her dad died when she was just eight years of age. She was raised with the adoration and warmth by her mom who prompted great qualities as a part of her character. Indeed, even at an early age, she ended up to be near god and needed to accomplish something important with her life. With the vision of serving mankind, she ventured out from home at 18 years old and joined the ‘Sisters of Loreto’. Frã ¤ngsmyr and Abrams (1997) expressed that ‘Sisters of Loreto’ was an Irish people group of nuns who prepared individuals to serve the individuals and they had a few missions in India around then. She turned into a Catholic pious devotee and changed her name from Agnes to Teresa. Mother Teresa of Calcutta Center (n.d.) gave the explanation of why her name was picked as à ¢â‚¬Å"Teresa†: she was named Sister Mary Teresa after St. Thã ©rã ¨se of Lisieux. She finished her preparation in Dublin and was sent to India to rehearse what she had been instructed for the government assistance of the individuals. She took her underlying pledges in 1931 as a pious devotee and began instructing in a religious circle school. She stayed in the school for around 17 years however had a more prominent vision than to just educate kids. Sebba (1997) clarified that she took her Final Profession of promises in 1937 lastly got the name that is known the world over â€Å"Mother Teresa†. She used to remain upset with respect to the states of the needy individuals in the district and needed to help them in each conceivable way. With the soul to make her reality helpful for other people, she applied to request authorization to work with the least fortunate networks in the locale who had nobody to deal with them. Frã ¤ngsmyr and Abrams (1997) clarified that after the accepting of the authorization, she went to the ghettos of Calcutta, India and opened a little school for poor people

Opening remarks. President of ASO Essay

Hello, Ladies and Gentlemen. To start with, let me heartily welcome all of you to this gathering of the Associated Students Organization (ASO). I trust that my initial comments will assist with giving every one of us an ability to know east from west and a typical reason for our work inside the rules set out in the ASO Charter of July 2005. Let me start by quickly returning to a years ago ARO supported vocation day: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · More than 7500 understudies joined in 550 organizations had corners 15 recognized speakers ( Steve Jobs, Colin Powell to give some examples) All parts of administrations were spoken to 45 business improvement administrations offering workshops on beginning organizations The reactions a year ago were the absolute biggest we have ever observed even with this feeble economy. The objective during the current year is to help our understudies to get employed before they leave for the afternoon. I might want us to concentrate on more vocation organizers and workshops to enable these understudies to anticipate their long lasting profession. At the point when our understudies graduate, they are contending with a high joblessness rate, along these lines making sure about the activity just as keeping it troublesome. Business advancement can help our business majors with the thought of going into business and working for themselves, also perhaps on the off chance that they are fruitful, they can enlist others inside their networks that need work. Our difficulties are extreme, however I accept that we are effective if 80% of our alumni get employed because of this profession day, we have been a triumph. Much obliged to You.

Liberal Arts Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Human Sciences Studies - Essay Example They would likewise need to have information and reason that rules over their other baser wants, for example, getting food, cash, and joy. Moreover, they have to comprehend what makes for a decent life and what makes for a terrible one. Plato believes that all initiative originates from moral position, or uprightness, as he would depict it. Temperance originates from â€Å"consuming† things that are useful for the spirit. One who expends things that are terrible for the spirit will in the long run become shameful and be unfit to run the show. In this manner, the individuals who expend righteousness and practice prudent propensities are the most fit to run the show. While some may feel this is a good old perspective on power, Plato would contend that individuals who accept along these lines are only oblivious and hence they see being vile as a way (and maybe the main method) to excel throughout everyday life. Plato’s meaning of â€Å"guardians† identifies with current experts in a critical manner. In a general public, experts are given the power to oversee or oversee in their specific field. Subsequently, it is significant that these experts are instructed and prepared in theory just as in specialized parts of their calling. On the off chance that gatekeepers (administrators) are temperate and just, it will prompt a superior and more joyful society for

Regular basis Essay Example for Free

Customary premise Essay The new multi day work week is causing furor in the corporate world as more representatives are composing proposition for a packed work week. The benefits of this short, long-hour work week is the security of a full-time pay in a less days of the week. Experts with families and other social duties are finding these points of interest an extraordinary method to include all the more satisfying occasions in their lives. The headway of innovation has permitted numerous experts to stay home to finish greater part of their assignments while shortening their drive to chip away at a customary premise. The benefit of a brief week additionally offers experts a chance to recover each other day rather than delayed work hours as a customary 40-hour week. With these incredible open doors comes more obligations remembering expanded remaining burden for less days, expanded hours per work day, and childcare costs to cover extra work hours in the multi day week. The expanded outstanding task at hand originates from the extra hours included into one work day versus the reliable 8-hour day numerous experts work now. In actuality, today’s experts work around 50-60 hours every week at any rate. A compacted work week could transform into 13-14 hour work days in the event that they are not cautious. The drawn out working timetables can build the employee’s likeliness of high-stress, burnout, and exhaustion from steady requests. A few experts feel these focal points exceed the inconveniences of the multi day week. The effect of this open door influences the expert more than anybody. Bosses must think about the remaining burdens they are offering their workers, however the obligations to settle on those choices are fundamentally up to the expert. The necessities of opportunity and consistency implies there is a cost to pay for the work finished by numerous experts. Experts driven by the multi day work week could offer employer’s a chance to recover from a thorough timetable as well.

How to Get PowerPoint Help

How to Get PowerPoint HelpYou will get PowerPoint help when you need it, and when you are ready to take your presentation to the next level. The problem that most people have is where to turn to get the extra help they need. This article will provide you with the following information, along with suggested pointers to get you started on the right path.First, be sure to read the help that comes with your software. You may not realize this, but there are times when you want to use a little extra to make a better presentation. If the help doesn't cover these types of situations, you may find that you can't get all of the help that you need. When you feel that you need this extra help, you will need to take a look at what help you can get from online sources and see if any of the software companies offer help online as well.Second, if you are looking for help, there are some things that you can do online that will make your efforts easier. These are referred to as 'key' tips. These tips are very useful, and if you take the time to learn about them, you can make your presentations more effective.These tips may include using graphics. Graphics are a great way to visually add to your presentation. They are very easy to work with, and they also allow you to easily add animation to your presentation as well. Adding graphics can make a huge difference in how well your audience receives your presentation.Another tip that you can use when you are looking for help is to use icons on your slide. It is easy to get too ambitious when you are designing your presentation. Making these slides more interesting and less complicated can be accomplished by using icons and other graphics.Using graphics can also help you add to your background. You can choose to use graphic overlays that you can place anywhere you like. This can help you to add visual appeal to your presentation, without needing to change the colors of your presentation. This can really help you make your presentation even more interesting.The last tip to getting PowerPoint help is to keep in mind that PowerPoint is a powerful tool. Make the most of what is on screen. Don't be afraid to make big changes to your presentation if you feel that it needs it.This can help you to make your presentation more effective, which will improve your chances of making the real point that you are trying to make. If you know how to get PowerPoint help, you will get it from online sources.

How To Approach The Short Answer Supplement On Your College Apps

How To Approach The Short Answer Supplement On Your College Apps The Short Answer The Short Answer A popular format for supplement questions is short answers. Dont confuse these with the why, activity, community, or oddball essays. These are an entirely different beast. These little critters provide a different kind of creative challenge for aspiring college-goers. Take this set of short answer questions from the 2014 Yale application: “What excites you intellectually, really?” (250 Characters) “Think about a disappointment you have experienced. What was your response?” (250 Characters) “Suite-style living four to six students sharing a set of rooms may be an integral part of your Yale College experience. What would you contribute to the dynamic of your suite?” (250 Characters) “What do you wish you were better at being or doing?” (250 Characters) 250 characters is not a lot of characters, which means the challenge of answering these questions lies half in generating honest, unique and clever ideas, and the other in being concise. Humorous answers can also have heavy impact here. Our advice to you: brainstorm. Think of as many ideas as you possibly can for each short answer and get them all on the page. When narrowing down your choices, think about representing a range of your personality traits and interests. If you say the overlap of food and science excites you intellectually, don’t say you will bring an immersion circulator into your dorm room to cook ramen for your roommates sous vide (though that would be awesome â€" please be our roommate). Use that space to elaborate on something totally new that admissions officers might enjoy knowing. Once your general plan for your answers is solidified you will be able to cut and condense your way under the limit. About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ »

Financial plan A case study - Free Essay Example

FINANCIAL PLAN FOR DR. MARK TAYLOR To: Dr. Mark Taylor From: Financial Consultant Date: 16 May 2007 Introduction The purpose of a personal financial plan for Dr. Mark Taylor is to define his individual financial goals and find ways to achieve them. To identify goals for Dr. Taylor, it is essential to first understand what is important to him. But before doing that, Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current state of affairs are examined (Refer Appendix A for Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Current State of Affairs) a) Financial Needs of Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Family Based on Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal situation at this point in life, all or just a few of the following may be his goals. Retire comfortably and have a reasonably good lifestyle post- retirement Provide for Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s college education. Be adequately covered for risk While some of these goals would be desirable, others are essential. Besides, goals can change over time. Deciding how to achieve the goals of Dr. Taylor is the crux of this financial plan. Assumptions: Financial plan is a plan for the future and future is uncertain. Therefore, certain assumptions have been made for defining the financial plan: Both Dr. Taylor and his wife have a life expectancy of 90 years Dr. Taylor will retire at an age of 65 years There is a single digit inflation of 3% Earnings as well as expenses will be affected by the same rate of change. Therefore, the change in income or expenses will be nullified Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premature death will result in a 20% reduction of annual living expenses Dr. Taylor will be practicing good financial habits such as having a spending plan, investing regularly, and using credit wisely (Source: Garner et al (1999) Defining Timeframe for Goals ((Source: Yamanda Louisa )) Following a discussion with Dr. Taylor, a time frame has been defined for accomplishment of the main goals Short Term ( 2 years or less) Mid Term ( 2-10 years) Long Term ( More than 10 years) Comfortable retirement* 2024 onwards Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education 2014 Adequate Insurance 2007-08 *Comfortable retirement will also imply having own assets like a car at the time of retirement which is currently provided by the hospital. Dr Taylor needs to consider whether the time frame for a specific goal is flexible or has a fairly strict schedule. For instance, if he expects David to graduate from high school in 2014, he will want to make sure he has the money at that time to pay his college expenses. On the other hand, some goals like providing insurance coverage may be flexible. On the basis of these assumptions and the time frame, financial needs of Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family have been worked out. Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Family Needs To determine the amount that Dr. Taylor will need in the future, it becomes imperative to put a price to Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goals. Like the goals themselves, the costs too may change over time. This is because some things may grow increasingly expensive while others may become more affordable with the passage of time. Cost of most of the short-term goals can be anticipated by checking current prices. It is reasonable to assume that the cost will not be significantly different from what it is in the current year. (Source: Garner et al 1999) Retirement Planning Looking at Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s present portfolio and the projected inflation, it seems that at present he is able to maintain a good lifestyle. However, this may not be sufficient if he desires a similar lifestyle after retirement. The rule of thumb with retirement planning is that Dr. Taylor will need at least 75% to 85% of what he is currently earning to maintain his lifestyle when he retires. Thus, if he earns  £100,000 (including bonus) today, he will need an income of  £75,000 in the first year of retirement. Dr. Taylor should have accumulated sufficient amount in a retirement account to make it possible to withdraw what he needs when he retires. On an average, assuming the balance is compounding at an average annual rate of 6%, inflation averages 3% (assumed), and Dr. Taylor is planning on a 17-year retirement, at the time he retires he should have about 17 times the amount he expects to need in the first year. That should allow him to withdraw 5% of the total each year. Thus, if he plans to withdraw  £75,000 in the first year, he should have savings of about  £1.27 million. ( £75,000 * 17). This amount can be reduced as the assumption for the financial plan is that when Dr. Taylor retires, his expenses will come down by 20%. (Source: Yamanda Louisa ) Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education Needs College costs for David can be estimated on the basis of average annual increases in the recent past. In the UK education costs seem to increase in line with the inflation. Dr Taylor may take insurance to cover the education costs of David. Alternatively he may invest money in an Education Saving Plan each year. The current cost for four years of university education, including books and additional fee, is approximately  £25000. Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s college education will begin in 2014. On the basis of the annual increases (in line with an inflation rate of 3%), his requirement each year beginning 2014 can be calculated by providing for the inflation. (Refer appendix A ). However, as David is currently going to a grammar school and Dr. Taylor is affording a fee of  £14,000 per annum and also at the time of Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s college, Dr. Taylor would not have retired, Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education costs seem to be sufficiently covered. Emergency Fund In addition to the estimates based on the current requirements, an emergency fund too may be build up that will help prevent Dr. Taylor from being thrown off track by an unplanned loss of income or unexpected expenses. Dr. Taylor should keep around 6 months salary as emergency fund. Risk / Return Profile of Dr. Taylor Dr. Taylor seems to be a conservative investor. He has put money in a Building Society account which has a low risk. He has a portfolio of shares but these shares have been inherited and not invested by Dr. Taylor. Re-looking at Asset Allocation There is a need to re-look at his asset allocation. Dr. Taylor needs a strategy to help ensure that the money is available when he needs it. We recommend saving or investing or some combination of the two to ensure this. Saving vs. Investing While saving and investing both involve setting aside some of Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s income, saving will help Dr. Taylor preserve the money he has for a later time while earning interest on the principal. However, if he invests, he takes some calculated risks that he believes will make it possible for his investment to grow in value over time or provide long-term income, or both. Saving may prove to be an effective way of managing money to meet short-term needs. However, Dr. Taylor needs investments to achieve his longer-term goals. Invested money has the potential to increase substantially in value over the long term or provide more income than insured savings. The risk, of course, is that returns on investment assets are not guaranteed. Dr. Taylor has 17 years before he retires. ( Source: Jeffrey H Rattiner (2005)) He may benefit by setting aside some sum for long-term goals to equities either individually or through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, or managed accounts that invest in stocks. (Refer Appendix B for features on recommended products) Although the value of an investment portfolio may fluctuate dramatically over periods over 15 or 20 years the earnings have the opportunity to compound. Inflation is another reason Dr. Taylor may want to invest rather than use a savings account to meet his long-term financial goals. This is because the rate of return on savings accounts is generally fairly low, and he may risk falling victim to inflation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ For example, if he puts  £10,000 in a money market account earning 2.5% interest, his account would have  £15,676 after 18 years. If inflation averaged 3% per year, his account value would have approximately  £8,500 worth of buying power. Alternatively, if he invests the money in a portfolio of stocks with an average annual return of 8% for 18 years, though not a guaranteed, he could have  £40,000. After accounting for 3% inflation he still would have more than  £21,500 worth of buying power. By keeping a close eye on your portfolio, Dr. Taylor can manage some of the risk that is often associated with investments. He should determine when to sell an investment, either to lock in a profit or prevent a loss.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Source: Yamanda Louisa ) Thus, we would recommend an asset allocation to Dr. Taylor that maximizes return on his portfolio while minimising the risk. Dr. Taylor should move from his current asset allocation as given below to a more balanced allocation and have a diversified portfolio. His portfolio should include investment in equity for growth, building society account for income and balanced returns through balanced stocks and bonds. We would propose an asset allocation as given below: Insurable Risk In addition to all the recommended investments for retirement planning, Dr. Taylor should also invest in life Insurance and disability insurance. Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family faces some risks which are insurable. These include the following: Dr. Taylor and / or his wife may die or become disabled Risk to the house and its contents, failure to pay mortgage Taxes may be outstanding Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education costs need to be met Some of these risks are already covered for Dr. Taylor. For instance, Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s house is insured for  £500,000 and its contents for  £100,000. Besides, Dr. Taylor has a term assurance policy for  £200,000 to cover repayment of the mortgage on his or Julieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s death. However, Dr. Taylor requires adequate life insurance, disability insurance, outstanding debt and taxes insurance and maybe insurance for Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education. In fact, if Dr. Taylor takes a permanent life insurance, he will also be covered for his childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education, outstanding debt and taxes etc. If Dr. Taylor dies, life insurance will provide an income for survivors, coverage of funeral expenses, capital gains taxes on investments, real estate at death etc. However, Dr. Taylor should only take up the insurance in accordance to his affordability as if he defaults in payment of premium, it will merely wipe out the potential protection. Also the policy has to be adequate as if the policy is too small, his beneficiaries may have to use investment assets earmarked for future goals to pay living expenses. (Source: Hallman et al (2003)) Besides life insurance, Dr. Taylor should also take disability insurance. Disability insurance will offer protection against the possibility of being unable to meet the requirements of the family if Dr. Taylor is rendered disabled due to accident or illness. Most disability policies pay a percentage of salary (50% to 70%) if the insured is rendered disabled. In fact, disability insurance can make a major difference to Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial security should the unexpected happen. (Source: Hallman et al (2003)) Adequacy of Pension Based on the 15-year contributions made by Dr. Taylor, the pension balance stands at  £195000 (Refer Annexure A). By the time Dr. Taylor retires, another 17-years contribution would have been made. The impact of inflation on Pension fund has already been provided for and therefore the decline in the value of cash received at a later date is taken care of. It is assumed that when Dr. Taylor retires, there will be a 20% reduction in the expenses. However, it is also given that if something happens to Dr. Taylor, his wife will only be entitled to 50% of the pension. Therefore, Dr. Taylor should increase the amount of pension so that his family is adequately covered even if he dies. This can be done supplementing pension in two ways: Through personal pension Through stakeholders pension on behalf of David There is no maximum amount prescribed for such pension schemes. Personal Pension A personal pension scheme will provide Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family a pension and a tax-free lump sum, payable if he dies before retirement. Dr. Taylor may get a tax-free lump sum on retirement of up to 25% of the pension fund which has been built up from his contributions and interest and/or bonuses paid by the pension provider. (Refer Appendix B for more details) Stakeholders Pension Dr. Taylor can start contributions to this pension from as little as  £20, and pay weekly, monthly or at less regular intervals. He will get tax relief on contributions of up to 100 per cent of your earnings each year, subject to anannual allowance ( £225,000 for the 2007-2008 tax year). (Refer Appendix B for more details) Recommendations As indicated earlier, Dr. Taylor needs to re-look at the asset allocation and balance his current portfolio. Dr. Taylor is using his cash earnings to meet his current requirements. However, cash earnings will not keep pace with the rate of inflation. Over time, as inflation and taxes erode what Dr. Taylor earns may not be sufficient to maintain his lifestyle. However, one cannot ignore Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gross estate that form a part of the inheritance and legacy he leaves behind to his wife and child. Thus, He needs to have adequate amount to ensure adequate finances when he retires as well as meet his goals of providing security to his family and education to his son. Dr. Taylor will require at least 17 times his present earnings at the time of retirement. However, if he anticipates a longer retirement period, his rate of return may average less than 6% a year. Similarly, if inflation averages more than 3%, he will either need more savings or will have to withdraw at a lower rate. Dr. Taylor needs to invest in the following in the same order of priority: Equities either individually or through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, or managed accounts that invest in stocks. Life insurance and disability insurance Emergency fund Education Saving Plan Total Words Excluding Appendices = 2362 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Dr. Mark Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Present Position Dr. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family Member Age Self 48 Remaining work life 17 years Julie 40 Does not work David 7 Major expense in the future will be on education Personal Income and Expense Statement based on Current Requirements Income Annual Amount ( £) Pre-tax salary income including bonus ( average) 100,000 Family Other Income (Yield @2.5% on shares)* 1,875 Income Taxes (Assuming a 40% tax slab)** 40,750 Total Family Income (After Taxes) 61,125 Own Contribution towards Pension*** 4,000 Net Available Income 57,125 Expenses Annual Amount ( £) Mortgage**** 11,400 Food / Clothing (@1200 per month) 14,400 Healthcare (@ 500 per month) 6,000 Utilities @500 per month 6,000 Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education 14,000 Entertainment (@200 per month) 2,400 Miscellaneous 800 Total Expenses 55,000 Net Savings 2,125 Contribution to Building Society 2,125 *Refer Working Note 1 below for calculation of yield on shares ** Tax slab on an average is assumed to be 40% for Dr. Taylor *** Refer Working Note 2 below for calculation of contribution towards pension ****Mortgage is assumed to be at a rate of 5% currently (Refer working note 3 below for calculation of mortgage amount) Note: All the expenses stated above are mere estimates. Familyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Present Assets Assets Present Value House bought in 1997 for  £350,000  £500,000 The house is partly financed with a  £200,000 25-year variable interest repayment mortgage from the Northern Rock Equity Shares  £75,000 Joint Building Society Account Deposit  £50,000 Mrs. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s building society account deposit  £15,000 Pension ( Current Value)  £195,000 (Refer Working Note 2 in Appendix B) Risk Coverage Coverage State Post Retirement Pension will be uplifted each year by a maximum of 4% to allow for inflation. Death If Dr. Taylor dies during employment, a lump sum of 2.5 time final salary will be paid to the family No life insurance or long-term disability policies. If Dr. Taylor should die, his wife would be paid half the pension that would have been paid to Dr. Taylor. No additional pension is paid for the children. Childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Education Not covered Working Notes: Calculation of Yield on Shares Yield on shares = 2.5% of  £75,000 Calculation of Pension Contribution to Pension = Own contribution + Employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contribution = 5% of  £80,000 + 10% of  £80,000=  £13000 15 year contribution =  £13000 x 15 =  £195000 Calculation of present annual repayment mortgage amount Total amount on mortgage in 1997  £200,000 Mortgage Period 25 years Remaining Period left in 2007, 25 years à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 10 years (from 1997 to 2007) = 15 years Assumed variable rate of interest =5 % per annum Principal amount due =  £8,000 Total amount due per annum = £11,400 Calculation of Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Fee in 2014 Fee required after 7-8 years = 25000 (1+0.03)8 Note: Due to unavailability f data, some calculations use hypothetical data APPENDIX B Recommended Financial Products Equity Investment Equity investment generally involves buying and holding of shares of stock on a stock market. Returns are in the form of income from dividends and capital gain as the value of the stock rises. Exchange Traded Funds Exchange-traded funds are open ended mutual funds that can be traded at any time throughout the course of the day. ETFs try to replicate a stock market index such as the SP 50 Life Insurance Life insurance provides for a payment of a sum of money upon the death of the insured. In addition, life insurance can be used as a means of investment or saving. It is one of the most important investments to provide financial security to the family. Life insurance benefits payable to a designated beneficiary are non-taxable and are not subject to probate fees. Disability Insurance Disability insurance offers protection against the possibility that one may not be able to meet his / her financial obligations due to accident or illness. Long-term disability insurance is provided with coverage equal to about sixty percent (60%) of the gross salary when combined with social security and other benefits. Personal pension Scheme It is a UK tax-privileged individual savings plan, designed to build a capital sum exclusively to provide retirement benefits. The capital sum must be used to provide benefits between age 50 and 75. On vesting a tax-free lump sum of up to 25% of the fund can be taken but the remainder must be used to provide an income either through a drawdown arrangement or through the purchase of an annuity. Stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Pension Scheme They are a new form of private pension and form an integral part of the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s overall pension policy. One gets a tax relief on contributions of up to 100 per cent of your earnings each year, subject to anannual allowance ( £225,000 for the 2007-2008 tax year). If you are a higher rate taxpayer you can claim the extra tax back. Savings above the annual allowance will be subject to a tax charge. References: G. Victor Hallman, Jerry S. Rosenbloom (2003) Personal Financial Planning McGraw-Hill Jeffrey H Rattiner (2005) Financial Planning Answer Book, CCH Publishers Robert J. Garner, Charles L. Ratner, Barbara J. Raasch, Martin Nissenbaum, Robert B. Coplan (1999) 3rd Edition, Ernst and Youngs Personal Financial Planning Guide, John Wiley Sons Yamanda Louisa, Creating a personal Financial Plan, accessed from https://www.pathtoinvesting.org/experts/finanplan/exp_pm_finanplan_071.htm Page 1 of 10

Carrie Nation Hatchet-Wielding Saloon Smasher

Muckrakers in the Progressive Era - 2521 Words

Muckrakers The term â€Å"muckraker† was originally coined in a speech in 1906 accredited to President Theodore Roosevelt. It was alluding to the man with the Muck-Rake in Bunyan’s â€Å"Pilgrim’s Process. The Man with the Muck rake seeks material advances by raking filth. Roosevelt defined this term as one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders. Muckrakers in the Progressive Era, a time from 1820 until 1920 when America quickly industrialized, pushed for reform and have altered the way we live today. These reformers brought about the awareness and tackled women’s rights, economic concentration, corporate power, poverty, food safety, and political corruption.†¦show more content†¦In time, she became the groups associations state organizer during the years of 1980 to 1892. Mrs. Catt soon started working in the national organization of National American Woman Suffrage Associ ation writing article, gaining political experience, and giving speeches at conferences in places such as Washington D.C. In 1892, she was asked by Susan B. Anthony to address Congress on the proposed suffrage amendment. She was passed down to role of the President of the National American Women Suffrage Association, a successor of Susan B. Anthony in the year 1900. Catt led this organization during the final challenge of the right to vote before the Nineteenth Amendment, a law allowing women to vote, was ratified in 1920. Catt worked through both state and federal levels persuading legislators to give women the right of suffrage as citizens. After women achieved the franchise, Catt reorganized the National American Women Suffrage Association into the League of Women Voters. Carrie Chapman Catt formulated a plan to achieve women’s suffrage. In April 1911, Carrie began a world tour through Sweden, Europe, Africa, India, Sumatra, the Philippines, China, Korea and Japan, and many other countries founding suffrage organizations and examining women’s conditions throughout the world. Carri e planted new ideas in the minds of citizens in many other nations across the globe. 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God And Religion Shaped My Life - 2218 Words

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The Effect Of The Great War On The Middle East - 2163 Words

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Mahatma Gandhi Research Paper Free Essays

Aroused by the massacre of Amritsar in 1919, Gandhi devoted his life to gaining India’s independence from Great Britain. As the dominant figure used his persuasive philosophy of non-violent confrontation, he inspired political activists with many persuasions throughout the world (Andrews 23). Not only was Mahatma Gandhi a great peacemaker, but also his work to achieve freedom and equality for all people was greatly acknowledged. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahatma Gandhi Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gandhi’s unconventional style of leadership gained him the love of a country and eventually enabled him to lead the independence movement in India. Mohandas Gandhi, later called Mahatma Gandhi, was born on October 2,1869 in Porbandar, which is the present day state of Gujarat, India (Andrews 17). He grew up in a very controlled family that had an alliance with the family ruling Kathiawad. He was engaged to two other women who both died, then he eventually married Kasturba at the age of 13. Gandhi sailed to England to attend University College in London to study law (Kamat’s Potpourri). In 1891, he was able to practice in the British bar. Gandhi went back to India and tried to authorize a law practice in Bombay, with very little achievement. Two years later, an Indian firm with curiosity in South Africa had an office in Durban where Gandhi was commissioned as legal advisor. This is where he lived for twenty years once he began his job doing labor on the sugar estates in South Africa (Moreorless). As soon as he arrived in Durban, he found himself being treated as if he was not human. The Africans forbade fundamental individual rights and political rights from the Indian immigrants. This conduct resulted in Gandhi’s outburst in fury towards the African’s reactions to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He then began a civil right’s campaign, which resulted in the development of his passive resistance policy, which eventually inspired thousands. The Union of South Africa government adjusted Gandhi’s demands, which included recognition of Indian marriages and abolition of the poll tax (Kamat’s Potpourri). When this man saw how terrible people were being treated because of diversity he said, â€Å"†There is nothing that wastes the body like worry, and one who has any faith in God should be ashamed to worry about anything whatsoever,† (Gold 231). By saying that, he meant that no one should worry about where hey stand in society or how they are judged because in God’s eyes everyone is perfect and everyone is equal therefore, no one who has any faith in God should be worrying about their so called â€Å"imperfections. † This great man struggled to gain the important rights for all Indians, and this is where it all began. Once Gandhi’ s mission in South Africa was complete, he returned to India and became involved in the home ruling movement. He was concerned with excessive land tax and discrimination, so he organized protests by peasants, farmers, and urban laborers to help them stand tall and fight for what they deserved (Gold 57). During World War I, Gandhi had an active part in recruiting campaigns by launching his new movement of non-violent resistance to Great Britain (Byers 202). When Parliament passed the Rowlatt Acts in 1919, Satyagraha, which means insistence on truth, spread throughout India, recruiting millions of followers. British soldiers massacred Indians at Amritsar as a demonstration against the Rowlatt Acts. In 1920 the British government failed to make peace, which resulted in Gandhi organizing a campaign of non-cooperation (Andrews 103). There was chaos in India as the public office resigned, courts were boycotted, and children were taken out of schools. Sitting Indians, who ignored police officers when told to move, even if they got beaten, blocked the streets. Gandhi was arrested, but the British soon were forced to free him. India’s economic independence was made of Gandhi’s Swaraj (self governing) movement. Because of this, India boycotted all British goods and British industrialists were left in extreme poverty across India. To save the country, Gandhi brought back cottage industries. He started to symbolize the return of simple village life by using a spinning wheel. â€Å"Gandhi became the international symbol of a free India. He lived a spiritual and ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and meditation,† (Andrews 126). He refused material possessions, and wore the lowest-class clothing and supported himself on only vegetables, fruits, and goat’s milk. Fellow Indians looked at him as a God-like force, often referring to him as Mahatma (which means great-souled). Gandhi’s ahimsa (idea of nonviolence), was essentially the way of life in the Hindu religion. Since India followed Gandhi’s ahimsa with such support, Britain would soon understand that violence is useless in this country and leave. In 1921, Gandhi received complete leadership from the Indian National Congress, the group that started the movement for nationhood. But, the Indian population could not understand why the whole world wasn’t practicing and showing the ahimsa (Kamat’s Potpurri). Because of this, many armed revolts broke out against the British. Gandhi eventually admitted that his campaign was a failure, and quickly tried to end it. Gandhi was then seized and imprisoned by the British government in 1922. He was released in 1924, and distanced himself from being involved in any politics and instead focused on getting the Indian community closer (Gold 149). Unavoidably, he was brought back into the political forces. In 1930, a new campaign of civil disobedience was called to the Indian population saying they should refuse to pay taxes, especially on salt (Moreorless). The campaign was the famous march to the sea, where thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmedabad to the Arabian Sea, and made salt by evaporating sea-water. Gandhi was again arrested, but released in 1931 as he stopped the campaign. In 1932, Gandhi started new civil-disobedience campaigns against the British. Since he was arrested twice, the Mahatma fasted for long periods many times. These fasts were very useful against the British because revolts would have broken out if Gandhi had died. In September 1932, while in jail, Gandhi performed a â€Å"fast unto death† in order to help the Hindu Untouchables. (Byers 202). The British considered the Untouchables as a separate part of the Indian government and tolerated their injustice. Although Gandhi was a member of the upper caste, he strongly believed in removing this unjust caste system. In 1934 Gandhi resigned from politics, being replaced by Jawaharlal Nehru. Gandhi continued teaching ahimsa and traveled across India. He was known for his dedication and political power. Since he was viewed with such great esteem, the British had to wait for Gandhi’s approval to limit the home rule in 1935. In 1939 he returned to politics and designed his first act manipulate the ruler of the state of Rajkot to change his autocratic rule (Moreorless). The colonial government had to intervene because the fast caused commotion across the country. When World War II broke out, the Congress party and Gandhi refused to support Britain in the war unless they were given complete independence. The British refused their proposal. When Japan entered the war, Gandhi still refused to allow India to fight in the war. He was imprisoned in 1942 but was freed after two years due to his bad health (Kamat’s Potpourri). By 1944 the British agreed to allow Indian independence only if the two nationalist groups, the Muslim League and the Congress party, resolved their issues (Andrews 178). Gandhi was strongly against the dividing of India but in the end had to agree, hoping that peace would be accomplished after the demand for Muslim separation was achieved. India and Pakistan split to two separate states when India gained its independence in 1947. Gandhi begged Hindus and Muslims to live together peacefully during the riots. Mahatma fasted until the riots stopped (Moreorless). He also fasted successfully on January 13, 1948, to bring about peace, but twelve days after that fast ended he was assassinated by a Hindu on his way to an evening prayer (Byers 203). Gandhi’s death was a worldwide devastation that left the population in shock. In the United Nations there was a day set aside to mourn for Gandhi and remember his acts of nonviolence for eternity. All countries sent their apologies and reassured that he would never be forgotten. The teachings of nonviolent movements were inspired in other countries, as well as the U. S. A. â€Å"under the civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and in South Africa under Nelson Mandela,† (Moreorless). Gandhi was the most inspirational leader in the twentieth century because of his unique tactics of protesting and making peace worldwide. The most persuasive ways of accomplishing change in social issues came from his idea of civil disobedience and nonviolence, which advised freedom movements around the globe (Moreorless). This political leader and peacemaker will always be remembered as a successful man who impacted many to be non-violent. This accomplishment is a great achievement because without this concept India may still have been fighting for independence. Gandhi said, â€Å"The† (Moreorless) and that is what Gandhi chose to do. By doing favors for other people he was able to find out who he was, he found out he was the Mahatma because he truly did have a great soul. How to cite Mahatma Gandhi Research Paper, Essays

Global Operations Management Ppq Parts Pros and Cons Essay Example For Students

Global Operations Management Ppq Parts Pros and Cons Essay The applications provided are the most adaptable in a business proposal; most of the customers place their focus on the strategy Of the application Which also has the most complete business portfolio. The business areas of the Oracle include: * Financial Management * Customer Relationship Management * Procurement * Supply Chain Management * Product Lifestyle Management * Asset Lifestyle Management Manufacturing Oracle pros: Database and the application have an excellent integration Useful schedule information is provided ;k Sales forecasting is very strong * Under the Oracle there is an approach that provides different products Oracle Cons: * Oracle forms are incompatible with other databases ;k Online reports seem to not be very user friendly * Most normal activities that are industry specific are not offered SAP Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing, this is the meaning of SAP. SAP is an Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that is brings together different applications. Each application may accommodate a different business type area but it still makes sure that the real time information is exchanged. SAP is complex and is a more complicated (ERR) system because it requires money Who is proficient With the knowledge to program it for its intended use throughout the business. SAP operates on the fourth generation programming language, this is referred to the Advance Business Application Programming (APP)_ SAP provides four basic business areas, these business areas include: Financial business * Logistics (planning, implementing, and coordination of detail) * Human Resources * Manufacturing SAP Pros: * It is flexible With integration and has a better range Of databases versus Oracle * SAP offers merged products * The ERP solution for SAP is flexible SAP cons: The appearance for business processes is complicated * It is very difficult to actually employ SAP Being as flexible as SAP is, it can be harmful and cause unneeded risks Peoples People soft is a great system that many companys use today. People soft is part of the Oracle enterprise application, This system was designed to handle requirements tort a company that may seem to be more compounded and may require an intelligent type of software to sift through it, gay providing an integrated business solut ion to meet the industry standard by enabling organizations to boost its productivity, move forward with the business reference, and lower the cost of ownership, this application has given the ability to provide proficient knowledge from an experts point of view. These areas include: Financial Management ;k Human Capital Management ;k Supplier Relationship Management Peoples Pros: * Peoples can grow along With the company * It is web based and combines the latest features * Simplified transaction approvals * Allows to save money by excluding the 3rd party APS Peoples Cons: * People soft only has one negative; it is hard to identify components with the long purchase orders Info BAN Previously BAN was a provider of enterprise resource planning software but currently is now under the ownership of a company called Information Global Systems. In my research there are is a good amount of companies that still use the software system BAA even though more advanced systems are available at the fingertips. The Bandanna and ERP LEN are versions of the BAN and are the most spread out and widely used programs, they are still determined the top of the class for ERP mainly for the manufacturing division. Information BAN provides a path for solutions that hav e been modified in a certain way that meets he needs of any business. The functions that Info BAN can provide are: Finance * Project ;k Manufacturing * Distribution ;k Transportation * Service ;k Control Planning * Utilities BAN Pros: * Microsoft is compatible With BAN * Best in the ERP class in the manufacturing division * user interface comes with graphics and point to click features B,MN Cons: * Compared to Oracle, BAN isnt as strong. BAN relies on its compatibility with other platforms * ERP areas are limited Microsoft Dynamics Microsoft has always had great reputation for software systems. Material Requirement Planning (MR..), Capacity Requirement Planning (CRAP), and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) all are offered in the Microsoft package. .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 , .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .postImageUrl , .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 , .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:hover , .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:visited , .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:active { border:0!important; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:active , .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20 .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c33147a4dfbd4d232cae74992ecdc20:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arts and Culture Sector Report EssayMicrosoft uses technology like Microsoft Office Suites, Microsoft SQL Server (data management software), and Microsoft Sharpening Server. All of these are used daily by businesses. Think PC parts would benefit from using the Microsoft Partner Network Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) capability because PC would have an advantage of using the systems to demonstrate their proficiency in deploying Microsoft Dynamic financial and supplying chain solutions that elate to the product line functions. Also, by implementing the Microsoft package, PC would be able to increase its revenue and open up a lot more possibilities to deliver further capa bility. Microsoft Dynamic Pros: ;k Access to the real time data * Transmitting data is easy as well as safe ERP for Microsoft can be used globally * Microsoft ERP comes With high security and performance Microsoft Dynamic Cons: * Customizations that are far. Reaching may not be supported * Might not work with all industries * Not as many options offered for add-on support and features Sage 500 Sage is a great kind of software that brings together both management and financial accounting functions. They support and consolidate functions throughout the company and the software package has the intensity and span of being not only able to function with the flexibility in a way to be customized per any request but also set up to accommodate the needs of certain parts of the organization. Sage 500 is an enterprise resource planning (ERP). In a company, Sage 500 is a very helpful tool in certain areas.

Twain Uses Symbolism To Create A Certain Effect In Huckleberry Finn. D

Twain uses symbolism to create a certain effect in Huckleberry Finn. Diction, organization, details, and his personal point of view hides all aspects of symbolism in the novel. Twain uses many types of style analysis to connect things from word choice to the way the story flows. In this way, the reader gathers more interest out of reading the book because they have the ability to hunt out the symbolic meanings. Jim's meaning to Huck changes as they proceed through their adventure. He starts out as an extra person just to take on the journey, but they transform into a friend. It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger.(Pg.84) Huck tries to squeal on Jim but can't because he remembers that Jim called him de bes' fren' I ever had;...de on'y white genlman dat ever kep' his promise to ole Jim.(Pg.87) Huck realizes that he can not turn Jim in since they both act as runaway outcasts on the river. The support they have for each other sprouts friendship. The events that Huck comes in contact with carry a certain sequential order. Huck started off despising the Widow's rules, and when his Pap kidnaps him, he has no interest in returning. The juxtaposed thoughts in Pap's mind, money and education, make him feel unworthy to Huck. Since Pap has neither quality, he does not want Huck to accelerate him in anyway. His father's frantic activities show him as a p erson to always avoid and Huck now intentionally goes to school to spite Pap(Pg.27). School is everything Pap is not, and everything he will never be.(Mrs. Hunsaker) Huck had reached a point where he was getting sort of used to the Widow's ways, too, and they warn't so raspy on me. (Pg.13) It just shows that one of Huck's major attributes is his ability to adapt to any situation and to olive in a variety of different surroundings, including a slim old maid who held a spelling book in her hand.(Pg.2) Twain's use of organization improved every view on Huck as a character. First person brings the reader a more innocent side of the story, so the reader feels more compassion for the small boy. The symbolic image falls into play between Huck and Jim, ...en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren's en makes 'em ashamed...(Pg. 84), this made Huck open his eyes for the first time in his life. Jim for the first time shows feelings for Huck and lets him know you don't treat people who care for you like trash. This makes Huck aware that Jim means more to him than just someone's slave, he now considers him a friend. Next, Huck finally sees Jim's loyalty toward him, ...so Jim he said he would stand the first half of it for me...(Pg.124), keeping a special watch not waking him on his turn, ...I went to sleep, and Jim didn't call me when it was my turn...(Pg.150). Even the little things like not waking Huck, show more than just an undying friendship. The symbolism of a grown man and a child had more effect instead of having two grown men, becau se a child needs a father figure. Jim fit the description and perfectly provided that for him. In conclusion, Huck's point of view always came direct, but never gave a long explanation. The direct imagery in Huckleberry Finn describes the way Twain allows the characters to show emotion. Every time Huck sets out on the river another big adventure occurs, and he looked out on the big river...(Pg.36), he expects it to lead someplace better and to allow him to escape the threats of society, ...the river, everything was quiet...(Pg.116). Huck felt that no one could satisfy his need for adventure; not his Pap nor the widow, he got placed in between. The river to him stands for stillness and calmness that neither one of his guardians could represent. Many things lead to their freedom, de river wuz a-risin', en dey wuz a good current...(Pg.44), the river a good sign to leave, I noticed some pieces of limbs...floating down...the river had begun to rise...always luck

Letter to Octavian essays

Letter to Octavian essays When Lepidus retired, why did you choose to take the west and not the east? What strategies did you use to defeat Marc Antony and win the Battle of Actium to become the sole Dictator? Did it feel invigorating to know that you had earned even more power than Julius Caesar? You then were made the one who made all of the final decisions including laws and foreign policy. Was it hard to live up to all of your peoples expectations? Did you return Rome to power and glory like you promised? How did you act to end all civil wars, expand territories, and create more jobs, which you also promised the people of Rome? I think that you were a very positive Emperor and probably the best one Rome has had in all of history. Your popularity with the people must have influenced them in many ways. I am sure that you improving the Roman military helped get you tasks such as expanding territories done. Being the commander of the army and navy must have meant that you were a great strategist. It was extremely smart of you to offer citizenship to anyone who joined the army or navy and doubling the size of the military. How did you think of that? Extending trade routes to Europe, Asia, and Africa must have increased the trade significantly. Did your Empire make a lot of profits from trade? How exactly did you better the living conditions inside the Empire? Who were allowed inside the schools that you founded? Were people excluded because of their gender or race? Did encouraging the arts and literature have a large affect on your people because they adored you? When architecture increased did the cities become more compact? Thank you for all of the great tasks you have succeeded in doing that have effected life everyday up un till this year (2002). I hope that you can and will write back when you get a chance. ...

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, is the lawful imposition of death as punishment for a crime. In 2004 four (China, Iran, Vietnam, and the US) accounted for 97 percent of all global executions. On average, every 9-10 days a government in the United States executes a prisoner. It is the Eighth Amendment, the constitutional clause that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, that is at the center of the debate about capital punishment in America. Although most Americans support capital punishment under some circumstances, according to Gallup support for capital punishment has dropped dramatically from a high of 80 percent in 1994 to about 60 percent today. Facts and Figures Red state executions per million population are an order of magnitude greater than blue state executions (46.4 v 4.5). Blacks are executed at a rate significantly disproportionate to their share of the overall population. Based on 2000 data, Texas ranked 13th in the country in violent crime and 17th in murders per 100,000 citizens. However, Texas leads the nation in death penalty convictions and executions. Since the 1976 Supreme Court decision that reinstated the death penalty in the United States, the governments of the United States had executed 1,136, as of December 2008. The 1,000th execution, North Carolinas Kenneth Boyd, occurred in December 2005. There were 42 executions in 2007. Death Row More than 3,300 prisoners were serving death-row sentences in the US in December 2008. Nationwide, juries are delivering fewer death sentences: since the late 1990s, they have dropped 50 percent. The violent crime rate has also dropped dramatically since the mid-90s, reaching the lowest level ever recorded in 2005. Latest Developments In 2007, the Death Penalty Information Center released a report, â€Å"A Crisis of Confidence: Americans’ Doubts About the Death Penalty.† The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty should reflect the conscience of the community, and that its application should be measured against societys evolving standards of decency. This latest report suggests that 60 percent of Americans do not believe that the death penalty is a deterrent to murder. Moreover, almost 40 percent believe that their moral beliefs would disqualify them from serving on a capital case. And when asked whether they prefer the death penalty or life in prison without parole as punishment for murder, the respondents were split: 47 percent death penalty, 43 percent prison, 10 percent unsure. Interestingly, 75 percent believe that a higher degree of proof is required in a capital case than in a prison as punishment case. (poll margin of error /- ~3%) In addition, since 1973 more than 120 people have had their death row convictions overturned. DNA testing has resulted in 200 non-capital cases to be overturned since 1989. Mistakes like these shake public confidence in the capital punishment system. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that almost 60 percent of those polled- including almost 60 percent of the southerners- in this study believe that the United States should impose a moratorium on the death penalty. An ad hoc moratorium is almost in place. After the 1,000th execution in December 2005, there were almost no executions in 2006 or the first five months of 2007. History Executions as a form of punishment date to at least the 18th century BC. In America, Captain George Kendall was executed in 1608 in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia; he was accused of being a spy for Spain. In 1612, Virginia death penalty violations included what modern citizens would consider minor violations: stealing grapes, killing chickens and trading with Indians. In the 1800s, abolitionists took up the cause of capital punishment, relying in part on Cesare Beccarias 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment. From the 1920s-1940s, criminologists argued that the death penalty was a necessary and preventative social measure. The 1930s, also marked by the Depression, saw more executions than any other decade in our history. From the 1950s-1960s, public sentiment turned against capital punishment, and the number executed plummeted. In 1958, the Supreme Court ruled in Trop v. Dulles that the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standard of decency that marked the progress of a maturing society. And according to Gallup, public support reached an all-time low of 42 percent in 1966. Two 1968 cases caused the nation to rethink its capital punishment law. In U.S. v. Jackson, the Supreme Court ruled that requiring that the death penalty be imposed only upon recommendation of a jury was unconstitutional because it encouraged defendants to plead guilty to avoid trial. In Witherspoon v. Illinois, the Court ruled on juror selection; having a reservation was insufficient cause for dismissal in a capital case. In June 1972, the Supreme Court (5-4) effectively voided death penalty statutes in 40 states and commuted the sentences of 629 death row inmates. In Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment with sentencing discretion was cruel and unusual and thus violated the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. In 1976, the Court ruled that capital punishment itself was constitutional while holding that new death penalty laws in Florida, Georgia and Texas- which included sentencing guidelines, bifurcated trials, and automatic appellate review- were constitutional. A ten-year moratorium on executions that had begun with the Jackson and Witherspoon ended on 17 January 1977 with the execution of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. Deterrence There are two common arguments in support of capital punishment: that of deterrence and that of retribution. According to Gallup, most Americans believe that the death penalty is a deterrent to homicide, which helps them justify their support for capital punishment. Other Gallup research suggests that most Americans would not support capital punishment if it did not deter murder. Does capital punishment deter violent crimes? In other words, will a potential murderer consider the possibility that they might be convicted and face the death penalty before committing murder? The answer appears to be no. Social scientists have mined empirical data searching for the definitive answer on deterrence since the early 20th century. And most deterrence research has found that the death penalty has virtually the same effect as long imprisonment on homicide rates. Studies suggesting otherwise (notably, writings of Isaac Ehrlich from the 1970s) have been, in general, criticized for methodological errors. Ehrlichs work was also criticized by the National Academy of Sciences - but it is still cited as a rationale for deterrence. A 1995 survey of police chiefs and country sheriffs found that most ranked the death penalty last in a list of six options that might deter violent crime. Their top two picks? Reducing drug abuse and fostering an economy that provides more jobs. Data on murder rates  seem to discredit the deterrence theory as well. The region of the county with the greatest number of executions- the South- is the region with the largest murder rates. For 2007, the average murder rate in states with the death penalty was 5.5; the average murder rate of the 14 states without the death penalty was 3.1. Thus deterrence, which is offered as a reason to support capital punishment (pro), doesnt wash. Retribution In Gregg v Georgia, the Supreme Court wrote that [t]he instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man... The theory of retribution rests, in part, on the Old Testament and its call for an eye for an eye. Proponents of retribution argue that the punishment must fit the crime. According to The New American: Punishment- sometimes called retribution- is the main reason for imposing the death penalty. Opponents of retribution theory believe in the sanctity of life and often argue that it is just as wrong for society to kill as it is for an individual to kill. Others argue that what drives American support for capital punishment is the impermanent emotion of outrage. Certainly, emotion not reason seems to be the key behind support for capital punishment. Costs Some supporters of the death penalty also contend it is less expensive than a life sentence. Nevertheless, at least 47 states do have life sentences without the possibility of parole. Of those, at least 18 have no possibility of parole. And according to the ACLU: The most comprehensive death penalty study in the country found that the death penalty costs North Carolina $2.16 million more per execution than a non-death penalty murder case with a sentence of life imprisonment (Duke University, May 1993). In its review of death penalty expenses, the State of Kansas concluded that capital cases are 70% more expensive than comparable non-death penalty cases. Conclusion More than 1000 religious leaders  have written an open letter to America and its leaders: We join with many Americans in questioning the need for the death penalty in our modern society and in challenging the effectiveness of this punishment, which has consistently been shown to be ineffective, unfair, and inaccurate...With the prosecution of even a single capital case costing millions of dollars, the cost of executing 1,000 people has easily risen to billions of dollars. In light of the serious economic challenges that our country faces today, the valuable resources that are expended to carry out death sentences would be better spent investing in programs that work to prevent crime, such as improving education, providing services to those with mental illness, and putting more law enforcement officers on our streets. We should make sure that money is spent to improve life, not destroy it...As people of faith, we take this opportunity to reaffirm our opposition to the death penalty and to express our belief in the sacredness of human life and in the human capacity for chan ge. In 2005, Congress considered the Streamlined Procedures Act (SPA), which would have amended the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). AEDPA placed restrictions on the power of federal courts to grant writs of habeas corpus to state prisoners. The SPA would have imposed additional limits on the ability of state inmates to challenge the constitutionality of their imprisonment through habeas corpus.

Answering the question in skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answering the question in skills - Essay Example What did you learn from your visit to the library? Which resources are you planning to use for your assignments this term? I learned from my visit to the library that there is a vast amount of reference materials available that can fully equip a student with all the knowledge, information, and data for any research work. I also learned that a student must familiarize himself how the materials in the library are Well-organized so one can efficiently conduct a research. It was very interesting for me to know that there are many databases that I can access in the library. These databases are provided by really good sources such as Cambridge, EBSCO, Harvard and other reputable academic organizations which provide an almost endless supply of journals. The Bridgeman Education is also helpful since it contains images that I can use for my projects. The journals coming from SAGE or EBSCO are even peer-reviewed which means that I get quality reference materials for any research I have to make. Also, it would be worth mentioning that the design of the library as well as the ambience is very conducive to reading. It was awesome to see such beautiful library containing 350,000 books and 8,000 journal articles. Indeed, the administration really made such an effort to giving the students the best possible support to their academic life. Aside from the books, I am planning to use the PCs since the electronic journals as well as databases can be accessed from there. The e-library provides convenience in reading materials even when you’re off-campus since I can access materials even at a net cafe. Yes I am confident in using the library resources and librarians are helpful in case you can’t find what you need. The only way to enhance research skills is by reading a lot of materials and organizing the reading list that you have. Having worked in groups today please reflect how successful you think it was? What do you think

The application of sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The application of sustainability - Essay Example Hence, CABE, the government’s advisor on architecture, urban design and public space, considers investment in sustainable development as a national insurance policy, which makes cities better places to live in, creating new jobs and reducing fuel scarcity and traffic congestion. Seven issues have been highlighted by CABE to focus on while working towards sustainability. They are: reducing energy usage, optimising power supply to buildings, making streets fit for people, rethinking waste, planning for shortage/excess of water, moderating heat, and creating green spaces. The most important step towards achieving sustainability is reducing the inefficient use of finite resources. Reduction targets should be fixed, progress reviewed, effects updated regularly and published. The leaders should be able to think long-term and make long-term decisions and long-term goals. Energy and waste should be planned and managed together. There should be greater control of land and assets with i ncreased investment in energy security, flood protection and water supply. Investments should be made in urban forestry, and buildings should be assessed for sustainable designs. Valuation and asset management should be reviewed, shifting focus to long-term returns ensuring more protection from boom and bust cycles (CABE 2009, p.9). Fragmentation of land ownership could lead to sub-standard maintenance of land and the structures on it. Cities should create an energy strategy, involving the utility companies, tracing the current and future needs and planning for the future, prioritising low-carbon, sustainable energy sources. Efforts should be made to reduce energy consumption to power buildings. Renewable energy technologies should be used along with behavioural changes to ensure energy security. The transportation system, including the roads, should be planned is such a way that there is minimum need for travel. Streets should be maintained in an improved

Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia Abstract Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized primarily by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain. The underlying problem involves hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells. Hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell carry oxygen from the lungs to body organs and tissues and bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs. In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin is defective. After hemoglobin molecules give up their oxygen, some may cluster together and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff and assume a sickle shape. Unlike normal red cells, which are usually smooth and donut-shaped, sickle red cells cannot squeeze through small blood vessels. Instead, they stack up and cause blockages that deprive organs and tissues of oxygen-carrying blood. Normal red blood cells live about 120 days in the bloodstream, but sickle red cells die after about 10 to 20 days. Because they cannot be replaced fast enough, the blood is chronically short of red blood cells, a condition called anemia. Sickle cell anemia affects millions throughout the world. It is particularly common among people whose ancestors come from Africa; South America, Cuba, Central America; Saudi Arabia; India; and Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Greece, and Italy. Sickle cell anemia disease The inherited haemoglobinopathies are a group of disorders that include thalassaemia and sickle-cell disease. These diseases are a major public health problem in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Asia, tropical Africa and the Caribbean. However, because of population flow, they are now widespread and occur in Europe and North and South America. According to the World Health Organization, the approximate estimates of affected individuals indicate that 240 million people are heterozygous for these disorders and at least 200000 lethally affected homozygotes are born annually, approximately equally divided between sickle-cell anaemia and thalassaemia syndromes. This research papers about the definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell disease. Also, this paper talks about the general guidelines to keep the sickle cell patient healthy and recommendation that the patient and families should watch for it. 1-Definition Sickle cell anemia (uh-NEE-me-uh) is a serious disease in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells. â€Å"Sickle-shaped† means that the red blood cells are shaped like a C. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and look like doughnuts without holes in the center. They move easily through your blood vessels. Red blood cells contain the protein hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin). This iron-rich protein gives blood its red color and carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin that causes the cells to have a sickle shape. Sickle-shaped cells dont move easily through your blood vessels. Theyre stiff and sticky and tend to form groups and get stuck in the blood vessels. (Other cells also may play a role in this grouping process.) The groups of sickled cells block blood flow in the blood vessels that lead to the limbs and organs. Blocked blood vessels can cause pain, serious infections, and organ damage. 2- Causes Sickle cell anemia is an autonomic recessive genetic disorder caused by a defect in the HBB gene, which codes for hemoglobin. The presence of two defective genes (SS) is needed for sickle cell anemia. If each parent carries one sickle hemoglobin gene (S) and one normal gene (A), each child has a 25% chance of inheriting two defective genes and having sickle cell anemia; a 25% chance of inheriting two normal genes and not having the disease; and a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like the parents. Two of the most common variations of the sickle cell gene are: A- Sickle cell trait: A person with the sickle cell trait is carrying the defective gene, but also has some normal hemoglobin. Individuals with sickle cell trait are usually without symptoms of the disease. Mild anemia may occur. Under intense stressful conditions, exhaustion, hypoxia (low oxygen), and/or severe infection, the sickling of the defective hemoglobin may occur and result in some complications associated with the sickle cell disease. B- Sickle cell anemia: A person with sickle cell anemia has most or all of the normal hemoglobin replaced with the sickle hemoglobin. It is the most common and most severe form of the sickle cell variations. These individuals suffer from a variety of complications due to the shape and thickness of the sickle cells. Due to the decreased number of hemoglobin cells circulating in the body, severe and chronic anemia is also a common characteristic. 3- Sign and Symptoms The clinical course of sickle cell anemia does not follow a single pattern; some patients have mild symptoms, and some have very severe symptoms. The basic problem, however, is the same: the sickle-shaped red blood cells tend to get stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood. These results in the following conditions: A- Hand-foot syndrome: When small blood vessels in hands or feet are blocked, pain and swelling can result, along with fever. This may be the first symptom of sickle cell anemia in infants. Fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breath: These are all symptoms of anemia or a shortage of red blood cells. B- Pain that occurs suddenly in any body organ or joint: A patient may experience pain wherever sickle blood cells block oxygen flow to tissues. The frequency and amount of pain vary. Some patients have painful episodes (also called crises) less than once a year, and some have as many as 15 or more episodes in a year. Sometimes pain lasts only a few hours; sometimes it lasts several weeks. For severe continuous pain, the patient may be hospitalized and treated with painkillers and intravenous fluids. Pain is the principal symptom of sickle cell anemia in both children and adults. C -Eye problems: The retina, the film at the back of the eye that receives and processes visual images, can deteriorate when it does not get enough nourishment from circulating red blood cells. Damage to the retina can be serious enough to cause blindness. D- Yellowing of skin and eyes: These are signs of jaundice, resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Delayed growth and puberty in children and often a slight build in adults: The slow rate of growth is caused by a shortage of red blood cells 4- Complications A-Infections: In general, both children and adults with sickle cell anemia are more liable to infections and have a harder time fighting them off. This is the result of spleen damage from sickle red cells, hence preventing the spleen from destroying bacteria in the blood. Also the bone marrow gets enlarged because of the increasing need to produce red blood cells. Infants and young children especially are suspectible to bacterial infections that can kill them in as little as 9 hours from onset of fever. Pneumococcal infections used to be the principal cause of death in children with sickle cell anemia until physicians began routinely giving penicillin on a preventive basis to those who are diagnosed at birth or in early infancy B- Stroke: Defective hemoglobin damages the walls of red blood cells, causing them to stick to blood vessel walls. The resulting narrowed or blocked small blood vessels in the brain can lead to serious, life-threatening strokes, primarily in children. C-Acute chest syndrome: Similar to pneumonia, this life-threatening complication is caused by infection or trapped sickle cells in the lung. It is characterized by chest pain, fever, and an abnormal chest X-ray. 5- Diagnosis Early diagnosis of sickle cell anemia is critical so children who have the disease can receive proper treatment. Blood test: More than 40 states now perform a simple, inexpensive blood test for sickle cell disease on all newborn infants. This test is performed at the same time and from the same blood samples as other routine newborn-screening tests. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is the most widely used diagnostic test. If the test shows the presence of sickle hemoglobin, a second blood test is performed to confirm the diagnosis. These tests also tell whether or not the child carries the sickle cell trait. 6- Treatment Although there is no cure for sickle cell anemia, doctors can do a great deal to help patients, and treatment is constantly being improved. Basic treatment of painful crises relies heavily on painkilling drugs and oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent complications. A- Blood Transfusions: Transfusions correct anemia by increasing the number of normal red blood cells in circulation. They can also be used to treat spleen enlargement in children before the condition becomes life-threatening. Regular transfusion therapy can help prevent recurring strokes in children at high risk. B-Oral Antibiotics: Giving oral penicillin twice a day beginning at 2 months and continuing until the child is at least 5 years old can prevent pneumococcal infection and early death. Recently, however, several new penicillin-resistant strains of pneumonia bacteria have been reported. Since vaccines for these bacteria are ineffective in young children, studies are being planned to test new vaccines. C-Hydroxyurea The first effective drug treatment for adults with severe sickle cell anemia was reported in early 1995, when a study conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute showed that daily doses of the anticancer drug hydroxyurea reduced the frequency of painful crises and acute chest syndrome. Patients taking the drug needed less blood transfusions. Regular health maintenance is critical for people with sickle cell anemia. Proper nutrition, good hygiene, bed rest, protection against infections, and avoidance of other stresses all are important in maintaining good health and preventing complications. Regular visits to a physician or clinic that provides comprehensive care are necessary to identify early changes in the patients health and ensure immediate treatment. Today, with good health care, many people with sickle cell anemia are in reasonably good health much of the time and living productive lives. In fact, in the past 30 years, the life expectancy of people with sickle cell anemia has increased. What can be done to help prevent these complications? Sickle cell patient should be under the care of a medical team that understands sickle cell disease. All newborn babies detected with sickle cell disease should be placed on daily penicillin to prevent serious infections. All of the childhood immunizations should be given in addition to the pneumococcal vaccine. Parents should know how to check for a high temperature because this signals the need for a quick medical checkup for serious infection. The following are general guidelines to keep the sickle cell patient healthy: Taking the vitamin folic acid (foliate) daily to help make new red cells Daily penicillin until age six to prevent serious infection Drinking plenty of water daily (8-10 glasses for adults) Avoiding too hot or too cold temperatures Avoiding over exertion and stress Getting a sufficient amount of rest Getting regular check-ups from knowledgeable health care providers Patients and families should watch for the following conditions that need an immediate medical evaluation: Fever Chest pain Shortness of Breath Increasing tiredness Abdominal swelling Unusual headache Any sudden weakness or loss of feeling Pain that will not go away with home treatment Pianism (painful erection that will not go down) Sudden vision change. Conclusion To conclude, sickle cell anemia like other chronic life-threatening disease can cause this inherited to patient and family members joining where members share common experiences and problems can reveal this situation because it gets better understanding and management of the disease. There is no cure, therefore nurses should understand the actions that can prevent or relieve symptoms in order to meet the challenges of caring for patients with sickle cell disease and helping them to minimize its effect on their lives. References Brunner and Suddarth , Medical-Surgical Nursing, (2004), 10th edition http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_Summary.html http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324 http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/genetic/sickle_cell_anemia.html http://www.medicinenet.com/sickle_cell/article.htm Desai, D. V.; Hiren Dhanani (2004). Sickle Cell Disease: History And Origin. The Internet Journal of Heamatology 1 (2). http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijhe/vol1n2/sickle.xml. Pearson H (Aug 1977). Sickle cell anaemia and severe infections due to encapsulated bacteria http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/meningitis.html. http://www.emro.who.int/Publications/EMHJ/0303/03.htm